![2015 macbook pro 13 rust 2015 macbook pro 13 rust](https://hard-pro.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/133294-laptops-review-macbook-pro-13-inch-with-retina-display-early-2015-review-image8-fwYaLt39SZ.jpg)
A weakness of the RUST score is that the evaluation becomes dichotomous (i.e., the fracture line is visible or not) after bridging callus has occurred. Yet, this radiographic scoring system does not propose an exact score to define bone union. The validity and reliability of the RUST score have been previously evaluated. It was based on bridging callus and fracture line visibility, which were found to be the most reliable signs of bone healing between observers. The radiographic union scale in tibial fractures (RUST) was recently developed to assess the healing of tibial shaft fractures after intramedullary nailing, and it uses a numerical value for each tibial cortex. However, radiologic evaluation of bone union is still challenging because of the lack of consensus regarding which fracture healing assessment method most precisely represents bone union.
![2015 macbook pro 13 rust 2015 macbook pro 13 rust](https://denvermacrepair.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/image0-1-e1566938919781.jpeg)
Many methods have been developed to assess fracture healing and union.
![2015 macbook pro 13 rust 2015 macbook pro 13 rust](https://ecs7.tokopedia.net/img/cache/700/product-1/2020/1/22/508963169/508963169_b11aef31-3fd1-4bcd-bf3c-10368c6d11d5_1500_1500.jpg)
Previously, radiographic criteria for fracture healing included cortical continuity, fracture line visibility, the number of bridging cortices, and the surgeon’s general impression. In the literature, there is not a uniform description of bone union. The ability to describe the fracture healing and union have important roles in determining the success of the treatment and predicting patient outcome. Radiographic assessment of fracture union in combination with a physical examination is routinely used in the follow-up of patients treated for fractures.